April 17, 2013
The Struggle Committee
People’s Movement Against Nuclear Energy (PMANE)
Idinthakarai & P. O. 627 104
The Honorable Chief Minister
Government of Tamil Nadu
Fort St. George
Chennai 600 009
Honorable Chief Minister:
Greetings! Please allow us to bring the following dangerous
developments, difficulties and discrepancies in the Koodankulam nuclear power
project (KKNPP) to your kind consideration and immediate action:
[1] Shoddy and Substandard Equipment from
ZiO-Podolsk
First and the most important of all, the KKNPP has been
constructed with substandard equipment and parts supplied by ZiO-Podolsk, an
engineering subsidiary of the Russian company Rosatom. The company’s official
website has declared unequivocally: “Over the past few years ZiO produced and
implemented a set of equipment for foreign nuclear power plants with VVER-1000:
Tianwan (China), Busher (Iran), Kudankulam (India)” (http://aozio.ru/production/ob-atom/). ZiO-Podolsk began shipping shoddy equipment in 2007
or perhaps even earlier. In February 2012, the procurement director, Mr. Sergei
Shutov, was arrested for buying low quality and cheap raw material, passing it
off as more expensive grade and pocketing the difference. The Federal Security
Service, or FSB, the successor organization to the KGB, has been investigating
the case that has serious implications for the safety of nuclear power plants
built by Russia.
During July 15-18, 2012, the Department of Atomic
Energy (DAE) delegation that included Special Secretary Mr. A. P. Joshi, Deputy
Secretary Mr. Ninian Kumar and the Manager of the Atomic Energy Commission
(AEC) Mr. Dzhogesh Pady visited ZiO-Podolsk and discussed a range of issues
related to the preparation for the launch of KKNPP-1, the progress of the
KKNPP-2 etc. and signed a number of contracts relating to the implementation of
the current phase of the KKNPP. (AtomEnergoMash, Posted 19.07.2012).
However, when we asked the Nuclear Power Corporation of
India Ltd. (NPCIL) under RTI on January 28, 2013 for “a list of those
equipment and parts that have been supplied by Zio-Podolsk to the KKNPP units,”
the NPCIL replied tersely on February 20, 2013 (No.
NPCIL/VSB/CPIO/2460/HQ/2013/371): “No Information regarding any investigation
against Zio-Podolsk is available to NPCIL.” It is a gross untruth and deception
because the top DAE officials had just visited the ZiO-Podolsk and they must
have followed up the developments. The NPCIL is hiding serious and important
information from the Indian public and misleading the entire nation possibly to
protect some Russian and Indian middlemen and profiteers.
When we asked the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) on
January 28, 2013 for “a list of those equipment and parts that have been
supplied by Zio-Podolsk to the KKNPP units” they responded on February 12, 2013
(No. AERB/RSD/RTI/Appl. No. 329/2013/2421) very evasively: “Selection of a company
for supplying any equipment to NPCIL, is not under the purview of AERB.
However, with respect to Quality Assurance (QA) during design, construction,
commissioning and operation, a set of well established AERB documents on QA
Codes and Guides are published and they were followed during the safety review
of KKNPP.”
Another Russian court has convicted one Mr. Alexander
Murach, Director of another notorious Russian company, Informtekh, for fraud
and sentenced him to three years in prison for selling counterfeit measuring
equipment for nuclear and hydro power plants' turbines. Since shoddy and
substandard equipment and parts in a massive nuclear power park pose enormous
dangers of epic proportion to millions and millions of innocent people in Tamil
Nadu, Kerala and elsewhere, this issue has to be thoroughly and comprehensively
probed in collaboration with the officials of Rosatom, Atomstroyexport,
Federal Security Service (FSB) and most importantly, with independent nuclear
experts in India.
[2] Fiddling with the Reactor Design and Doing an
Unauthorized Refit
When the People’s Movement Against Nuclear Energy (PMANE)’s
dialogue with the Central Government’s Expert Group got aborted due to the
violent attack on us by the anti-social elements belonging to the Congress
Party and the Hindu Munnani, you appointed a team of four members to study the
KKNPP issue. When that group included Dr. M. R. Srinivasan, the former Chairman
of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), we objected to his inclusion in the
team. However, he continued to be part of the team and we did have a dialogue
with the team on February 19, 2012 in Tirunelveli.
During our interaction that was held in the presence of the
Tirunelveli District Collector and other officials, Dr. Srinivasan never mentioned
once that the DAE had made changes in the core of the reactor. It is also not
revealed to the public until now if he and the team included this unauthorized
fiddling in the report they submitted to you. However, Dr. Srinivasan has
publicly acknowledged now: "We sought an additional safety mechanism well
before the Fukushima disaster. The safety mechanism consists of valves. The
original reactor design had to be altered and I feel this is the basic cause
for delay." According to him, the valves were designed partially in India
and Russia and compatibility with the reactor led to some hiccups (http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article1517314.ece).
After fiddling with the original design of the KKNPP
reactors, the Indian authorities went back and did an unauthorized “refit”
without revealing the details to anyone. All these things point out the
inherent deficiencies of the Russian reactors, their vulnerability due to all
the fiddling, and their untrustworthiness after the refit. Since this matter
has to do with the lives and sustenance of millions and millions of people, all
the relevant details must be made public.
[3] Blaming the Protests for Atomic Inefficiency and Inept
Engineering
The Russian and the Indian nuclear authorities are hiding
their corruption, wastefulness and inefficiency by conveniently blaming the
struggling people for all the delay and cost overrun. The Indian
Express newspaper asserts that the “delay is on the supply side from
Russia as a whole lot of components have been replaced, some of which had to be
shipped in.” The KKNPP sources have also confessed that the “containment vessel
of the nuclear core too has been changed since the old one had sprung a leak,
which was detected three months ago during testing” (http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article1517314.ece).
The KKNPP authorities claim that “most components meant for
Unit-II that were already in the warehouse were used as replacements for
Unit-I.” It is not clear why they were kept in the warehouse since Unit 2 was
also being concurrently constructed along with Unit 1. The nuclear authorities
are hiding the plain truth that Unit 1 is a complete failure and hence they are
trying to revive it with the parts of Unit 2. Nobody knows the total loss that
India has suffered because of all these shifting and shuffling.
The Srinivasan-confessed “refit” of KKNPP-1 is being blamed
on its “idling for months together because of a major agitation plus litigation
in the Supreme Court.” This is an outrageous falsehood! Even when our agitation
was going on between September 2011 and March 2012, regular and full-swing
maintenance work was going on at the Koodankulam plant on a daily basis. When
the Tamil Nadu government changed its stand on our agitation on March 19, 2012
and pushed us to the village of Idinthakarai, the Site Director of KKNPP
Reactors I and II, Mr. R.S. Sundar, said the “water chemistry” of the
water being used in the coolant was encouraging as proper maintenance had been
carried out with skeletal staff during the protests (P. Sudhakar, “Croatian
experts to inspect the condition of equipment,” The Hindu, March
23, 2012).
Mr. S. T. Arasu, Senior Maintenance Engineer at KKNPP said:
“We have operated all the pumps to measure the vibration level, which is less
than the desirable baseline data and it shows the quality of our skilled
workforce. Though this section could not be given complete attention during the
past five-and-a-half months, the equipment are functioning in an amazing
fashion” (P. Sudhakar, “Employees at Kudankulam project site a charged
lot,” The Hindu, March 24, 2012).
Mr. Yevgeniy N. Dudkin, the head of the Russian Specialists
Group, said that none of the Russian specialists of Atomstroyexport had left
the project site during the protests. He pointed out that some additional works
needed to be done and said, “It is not a huge work…” (P. Sudhakar and S.
Sundar, “Primary coolant pumps to undergo another trial,” The Hindu, March
29, 2012.)
Similarly, when the Supreme Court began its hearing on a
batch of petitions in September 2012, they refused to give a ‘stay’ to halt the
ongoing work at KKNPP and allowed the authorities to continue with their work.
Accordingly, the AERB allowed fuel loading in September 2012 dismissing the
feelings and sentiments of millions of struggling people in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
But now the KKNPP, NPCIL, AERB, and the DAE officials are
conveniently blaming their inordinate delay in commissioning the KKNPP-1 on the
“corrosion and leakage since sea water was used as the coolant.” If the pipes
leak and corrode within such a short time, the government should order a probe
into the quality of these pipes, the quality of the various equipment and
spares that were sent by the Russians. If these pipes and parts cannot
withstand one year of sea water circulation, how are they going to function
safely for 40-60 years?
[4] Mounting Costs and Massive Corruption
Every single deal that India has signed with Russia has
proved to be a disaster and big loss for India. The INS Vikramaditya/Admiral
Gorshkov aircraft carrier has been delayed by five years with the final cost
hovering in the $2.9 billion range. The time overrun and cost escalation also
plagues another mega Indo-Russian defense deal of upgrading MiG-29 fighter
planes. The KKNPP is yet another disaster.
The approved cost of the KKNPP 1 & 2 project is Rs.
13,171 crores. But the DAE and the NPCIL claim that they have spent an
additional amount of Rs. 4,000 crores on the non-performing project. Nobody
knows the exact end cost of the KKNPP or the breakdown of the final amount. The
former AERB Chief, Dr. A. Gopalakrishnan, has claimed that the decision to
import 40,000 MW capacity Light Water Reactors (LWRs) in early 2006 was taken
without any techno-economic evaluation by the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) or
any other agency. According to Dr. Gopalakrishnan, “The decisions, price
negotiations and supply terms are being negotiated by the UPA- 2 government in
haste, with the intention of fulfilling the PM’s commitments to these foreign
governments and their companies before he demits office. …The decision was
merely a quid-pro-quo to give business to the reactor manufacturers in those
countries which helped India get a Nuclear Suppliers’ Group (NSG) waiver” (DNA,
February 16, 2013).
The Russian nuclear company, Atomstroyexport, has just
released its financial statement for the year 2011. The company claims that
losses in 2011 were twice bigger than the losses of 2010, and that the company
is on the brink of bankruptcy. This has seriously affected the Russian nuclear
projects at Koodankulam in India and Busher in Iran <http://www.interfax.ru/business/txt.asp?id=283928>. We wonder if the Indian government is secretly helping
the Russian company with its losses and bankruptcy.
The NPCIL authorities have claimed that the Rs.4,000 crores
cost overrun at Koodankulam is due to the “increase in interest during
construction (IDC), escalation on works, contractor’s overheads and
establishment charges” (RTI reply dated February 20, 2013). It is pertinent to
note that the Russian government is not making such financial compensation to
India for all the delay and cost overrun in all of the above projects. Instead
of explaining these mounting costs and massive irregularities, the Russian
Ambassador to India Mr. Alexander Kadakin simply misleads Indians by
unnecessary and unacceptable comments on our internal affairs.
[5] Commissioning the KKNPP Every 15 Days
Instead of reporting to the citizens of India inside India
about the largest and imported nuclear power park at Koodankulam, the Prime
Minister of India goes to South Africa and reassures the President of Russia of
its commissioning process (no pun intended). When the Prime Minister had
announced in Moscow that the KKNPP would be commissioned “in a couple of weeks”
on December 15, 2011, you expressed your dissent and displeasure immediately.
The calendar for commissioning of KKNPP-1 has been shifted
some 20 times in the past one year by politicians, bureaucrats and the nuclear
authorities. In fact, this “commission dating” process has been going on from
2005 onwards and the Union Minister of State, Mr. V. Narayanasamy has set a
record of sorts for himself in this calculated and irresponsible misinformation
campaign. All these people have been lying to the nation repeatedly and
recklessly and hence we cannot trust these authorities with our and our
families’ safety and well-being. If there is any truth and decorum in public
life in India, all these officials should resign from their respective posts.
[6] No Information, No Liability, No Pollution Safeguard
The Government of India and the DAE have not shared any
basic information with us about the KKNPP. Even after the Central Information
Commission (CIC) has instructed them, they have not shared the Site Evaluation
Report (SER) and the Safety Analysis Report (SAR) with us. They have not heard
our opinions or allayed our fears and concerns about the lack of fresh water
resources, the changes in the design of the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV), the
management of liquid and solid waste and so on.
Neither have the Indian nuclear authorities got any
liability from the Russian government and/or companies for KKNPP 1 and 2. The
Government of India is not even willing to share the secretive
Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA) that they signed with the Russian government
in 2008. Even as we are dealing with KKNPP 1 and 2, the Government of India is
announcing the agreement on KKNPP 3 and 4 with utter disregard for the
sentiments of the local people and the people of Tamil Nadu as a whole.
The Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) has also
given consent to discharge enormous amounts of sewage, trade effluent,
desalination plant effluent, demineralization effluent, steam generator
effluent, suspended solids, dissolved solids, and many other waste products
into the sea. The TNPCB fixed the temperature of the effluents at the discharge
point as 45 degrees and later summarily reduced it to 36 or 37 degrees. They
have also allowed the KKNPP to release significant amounts of Sulphur Dioxide,
Nitrogen Dioxide, particulate matters and many other harmful radioactive
pollutants into the air. Nobody seems to bother about the impact of all these
on the sea, sea food, crops, dairy, food security, nutrition, health and
wellbeing of us, our children and grandchildren.
Even as we are awaiting the Supreme Court’s verdict on the
Koodankulam case, it is revealed now that the NPCIL does not hold valid and
legitimate clearances for all the various buildings and installations in the
KKNPP from the Tamil Nadu Coastal Zone Management Authority under the Coastal
Regulation Zone Notification of 2011.
[7] The Tamils Get Elegy and the Others Get Energy!
Even though you have written to the Prime Minister on March
31, April 25 and August 19, 2012, demanding all the power from the KKNPP to
Tamil Nadu, the Prime Minister or his PMO never even acknowledged your letters.
Earlier you had demanded more power from the Central Pool and financial help
for various power generation schemes, but the UPA government always ignored
your genuine requests and earnest efforts. In fact, most of our pre-March 2012
agitations and processions were in support of your demands and schemes.
If this is the way they treat the Chief Minister of an
important State and popular leader of millions of Tamil people, you can
possibly imagine the feelings and attitude they may have towards the poorest of
the poor who have been struggling on our own for almost two years now. The
Delhi elites seem to have scant regards for the Tamil fishermen, Tamil women,
and the Tamil people as a whole.
It is also strange that our neighboring states would not
share the Nature-given river waters with us but we, the Tamil people, have to
suffer nuclear waste, thermal pollution, saline refuse, and most importantly,
nuclear radiation and give them all risk-free electricity. It is quite
preposterous that the Congress government in Kerala stakes a claim for 500 MW
from the KKNPP; in fact, the Congress governments in Delhi and
Thiruvananthapuram can together decide to set up a few nuclear power plants
somewhere in Kerala. The intelligent and Nature-loving people of Kerala would
never allow that and the political parties there, whether Congress or
Communists or BJP or others, would never let that happen also.
Given the above situation, may we request you, Madam, to
order an inquiry into the construction, equipment, overall quality, performance
and the viability of the entire Koodankulam nuclear power project; demand
removal of the fuel rods from the core of the Unit 1 reactor; convert the KKNPP
into a pro-people and Nature-friendly Model New Energy Park; bring about
renewable energy projects all over our State; rectify the transmission and
distribution issues, and protect the interests and well-being of the Tamil
people and our progeny please.
If we let this shoddy, substandard, unsafe, and
corruption-ridden nuclear power project to go critical and fail in our
collective historic duty to protect our Tamil people, preserve our Natural
resources and prop up the interests of newborn and unborn generations of Tamil
Nadu, we all will be held responsible and answerable for all the upcoming
calamities and uncalculable harms to our people.
Looking forward to your favorable actions, we send you our
best personal regards and all peaceful wishes,
Cordially,
S. P. Udayakumar M.
Pushparayan Fr. F.
Jayakumar M. P. Jesuraj
Coordinator
R. S.
Mugilan Peter
Milton V.
Rajalingam Ms.
S. Lidwin
Copies to:
[1] The Chief Secretary
Government of Tamil Nadu
Secretariat
Fort St. George
Chennai 600 009
[2] The Home Secretary
Government of Tamil Nadu
Secretariat
Fort St. George
Chennai 600 009
[3] The Director General of Police
Post Box No. 601
Dr. Radhakrishnan Salai
Chennai 600 004
[4] The Director General of Police (CB-CID)
3, SIDCO Electronic Complex, I Floor
Guindy
Chennai 600 032
[5] The Assistant Director General of Police
Vigilance and Anti-Corruption
Adyar
Chennai 600 028
